Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done.
Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc.
Hortatory expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people.
To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation.
Purpose:
To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done.
Generic Structure:
Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern
Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given arguments
Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition?
In simple word. Analytical is the answer of “How is/will” while hortatory is the answer of “How should”. Analytical exposition will be best to describe “How will student do for his examination? The point is the important thing to do. But for the question” How should student do for his exam?” will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be done.
The examples of Hortatory Exposition:
INTERNET FOR STUDENTS
Nowadays, in modern era, I think internet is very important for students.
As we all know internet has many function for supporting our life. They are, first, it gives us various information, news, knowledge etc. Students can search anything or something from internet. Take for example, they search about education, entertainment, knowledge etc that is in the world.
Second, they can add their friends in all countries in the world by internet. Chatting, e-mail, facebook, twitter, interpals are some examples of internet facility to have many friends. Besides, they can share, communicate, discuss and so on.
From my arguments above, as student, we should use internet facility well to get knowledge, friends, information etc.
WATCHING TV
Thesis:
Is it important to know what your kids are watching? Of course it is. Television can expose your children to things that you have tried to protect them from, especially violence, drug abuse, etc.
Argument 1:
One study demonstrated that watching too much TV during the day or at bedtime often causes bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay and anxiety around sleep, followed by shortened sleep duration.
Argument 2:
Another study found a significant association between the amount of time spent watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the like hood of subsequent aggressive acts against others.
Argument 3:
Meanwhile, many studies have found an association between kids watching a lot of TV, being inactive and overweight.
Recommendation:
Considering some facts above, protect your children with some following tips:
Limit television viewing to 1-2 hours each day.
Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms.
Review the ratings of TV shows that your children watch.
Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening during the show.
MORE DUST BINS IS CLEANER
To improve comfort and cleanliness at the school, there should be an increasing number of dust bins.
When we look at classroom, school corridors and schoolyard, there papers, mineral water cops, straws, and napkin everywhere. The condition of unseemliness really hinders learning and teaching environment. They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for mosquito to spread out.
Anyway I notice that most of the students have responsibilities for their school environment. They put their litter on the proper place but some of them are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of the dust bins in the school are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each step, outside of the classrooms and some along of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not have problem of discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and school will be very clean and become a very nice place to study.
WHERE SHOULD BE AFTER HIGH SCHOOL
The National examination result will be publicly enounced in next short time. Euphoria will flood for those who get success. In the other hand, It will be sorry to hear that there are some of them do not succeed in their national final examination. For those who succeed soon will think to decide; where will they be after graduating high school? Actually it will be easy to decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those have not planed yet, it will be quite confusing.
Continuing study or looking for work is the primary choice among them. When they think about continuing study, they will think hard about the time and cost. How long the higher study will last? And how high is about the cost. In the same way, when they think about straightly seeking job, what skill and competence they have got is a big matter of questioning. So, doing both choices in the same time is an alternative.
Continuing study as well as seeking job is possibly done but it will be hard for them. Conventionally studying in the university needs much time to spend especially in the first year. It is true because they have to do and adapt a lot of things in their new higher school. it will be very hard to looking for job. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing studying at higher school from their own home. As result, the available time will be more flexible for them. Then it will be very possible to seek job and get the appropriate one. This type of studying is publicly known as distance learning.
As the alternative method of studying, besides the conventional studying which students and the lecturer have to meet in the fixed time and place regularly, distance learning provides possibility to grow better. Possibly working and studying surely will create high quality graduate. Distance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them.
A. Pengertian Hortatory Exposition Text
Seperti halnya Analytical Exposition, Hortatory Exposition adalah jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang tergolong ke dalam kelas Argumentation. Hortatory Exposition adalah sebuah jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang mana menghadirkan usaha penulis memengaruhi pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu atau bertindak dalam hal tertentu. Dalam Hortatory Exposition, penulis mencantumkan beberapa pendapat mengenai hal tertentu untuk memperkuat ide pokok dari teks tersebut.
Berbeda dengan Analytical Exposition, Hortatory Exposition menghadirkan Recommendation sebagai paragraf penutup dari sebuah Hortatory Exposition Text. Dalam Recommendation ini, penulis berusaha mengajak dan membujuk pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu. Hal ini jauh berbeda dengan Analytical Exposition yang mana menempatkan Reiteration atau penulisan kembali ide pokok sebuah teks sebagai penutup tanpa adanya ajakan atau bujuakan kepada pembaca.
B. Tujuan Komunikatif Hortatory Exposition Text
Berbeda dengan Analytical Exposition Text yang tujuan komunikatifnya memaparkan dan memengaruhi pembaca bahwa kejadian yang di ceritakan itu penting, pada Hortatory Expostion Text tujuan kommunikatifnya adalah memaparkan dan memengaruhi pembaca bahwa seharusnya demikian dan seharusnya tidak demikian.
C. Struktur Kebahasaan Hortatory Exposition Text
Ada tiga bagian dari struktur atau pola kalimat dalam Hortatory Exposition Text, yaitu:
1. Thesis
Thesis berisi tentang pengenalan ide pokok penulis tentang suatu gejala atau kejadian yang akan diangkat atau dibahas.
2. Arguments
Arguments berisi tentang pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok penulis. Semakin banyak pendapat yang penulis tuliskan, semakin menarik sebuah Hortatory Exposition Text itu, karena pembaca cenderung percaya terhadap suatu peristiwa jika terdapat banyak pendapat yang mendukung di dalamnya.
3. Recommendation
Recommendation berisi tentang rekomendasi atau ajakan penulis terhadap pembaca.
D. Ciri Kebahasaan Hortatory Exposition Text
Di bawah ini adalah ciri kebahasaan yang terdapat pada Hortatory Exposition Text, yaitu:
Menggunakan simple present tense
Menggunakan temporal conectives; firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.
Menggunakan evaluative words; importanly, valuablly, trustworthly, etc.
Penjelasan dan Contoh Hortatory Exposition Text | www.belajarbahasainggris.us
E. Contoh Hortatory Exposition Text
CORRUPTION
Thesis
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
(Apa kamu tahu arti dari korupsi? Apa hubungannya uang dengan korupsi? Baiklah, korupsi merupakan hal yang umum di dunia, bahkan di Amerika. Hanya merupakan masalah intensitas. Tetapi, sangat mengejutkan ketika salah satu survey menyatakan bahwa Jakarta merupakan tempat yang paling banyak melakukan korupsi di Indonesia)
Argument 1
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials.
(Survei tersebut membuat saya sedih sebenarnya, karena saya tinggal dan hidup di sini di ibu kota. Seperti yang semua tahu, penyeludupan di pelabuhan Tanjung Priok bukan merupakan barang baru lagi. Para pengusaha yang ingin mengurangi pajak perdagangan mereka melakukan hal seperti itu sering kali. Mereka bahkan menyogok pihak berwenang.)
Argument 2
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
(Baiklah, saya pikir ukuran yang diambil sejauh ini untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan menghukum para koruptor masih jauh dari kata cukup. Kita harus mencegah para generasi muda dari sikap buruk yang disebabkan oleh korupsi.)
Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
(Saya percaya kita harus memulai langkah awal tersebut dari sekolah dan saya pikir semua orang harus di ikut sertakan dalam usaha untuk membasmi korupsi. Kita harus tidak membuat pengecualian apa pun.)
EXERCISES
SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF ECONOMIC ISSUES
Government should not raise fuel price to solve the problem of economic issues. People were affected severely with the high fuel price hike last year. Obviously they cut their spending. As an example, they had to buy lower quality of rice or palm oil. There were also fewer buyers of secondary commodities like flour, or canned meat or fish.
Furthermore, the condition of low income family will become even worse because their expenses will increase while their salaries will not. Many companies will have to trim the number of employees because they are incapable of managing buying or selling price, standard wages and personal affairs.
Finally, government should not raise fuel price to overcome economic problem but the solution should be sought by tapping into the nation’s own potential and utilizing it to enhance productivity to its maximum.
Answer the following questions based on the text!
1. The text above is in the form of?
a) Hortatory exposition text
b) Narative text
c) Analytical exposition
2. The generic structure of the first paragraph is?
a) arguments
b) Thesis
c) Recommendation
3. What is the generic structure of the text ?
a) arguments ,recommendation and thesis
b) recommendation, arguments and thesis
c) thesis, arguments and recommendation
4. What is the tittle of the text ?
a) Why Should Wearing a Helmet when Motorcycling
b) Mobile Phones in the School
c) Solve the Problem of Economic Issues
5.What problem has been discussed in the text ?
a) Solve an economic issues
b) effects of smoking
c) Floods hit Jakarta
Text 1
Smoking in a restaurant does not only give the bad impact to the active smokers but also the passive ones.
Smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects all people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste good food and not to be put off by foul-smelling smoke.
Besides, smoking harm the others especially passive smokers, that is, breathing in smoke made by a smoker, can lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smoker. Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease and people do not smoke anywhere, not just in restaurants.
Regarding to the bad impacts, smoking must not be allowed in any restaurants.
1. The communicative purpose of the text is to…
A. explain how the smoking can be dangerous
B. retell about some positive effects of smoking
C. persuade readers with the smoking risk
D. describe how the smoking is not allowed
E. persuade readers that smoking must be banned
2. Smoking in a restaurant is impolite. (paragraph 2).
The synonym of the underlined word is…
A.Rude D. Sensitive
B. Polite E. Kind
C. Delicate
3. The statements below are true based on the text, except…
A. Smoking is dangerous
B. Smoking makes us better
C. Smoking is unhealthy for the smoker
D. Smoking must not be allowed
E. Smoking harms to the others
4. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Smoking in a restaurant is rude to do
B. Passive smoking is made by a smoker
C. Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease
D. Smoking in restaurants must not be allowed
E. The smell of the smoke affects all people
Text 2
If you want to advance in your career, you will have to make some careful decision about which jobs to take. Evaluate a job offer for the value it has to your career. It may mean sacrifice at first. You may have to move to a different region or a different country to get a job that is right for you. You may have to work late hours, at last temporarily. You might even have to take lower salary for job that offers you the experience that you need. But you should never accept a job if it is not related to your career goals.
Accepting a job that is not within your career path will not give yoy the training or experience you need or want. You will find yourself frustrated in such position and consequently will not perform your best. This will have an effect on the people around you who will not feel as id you are being a part of the team. The best advice is to think carefully before accepting any position and make sure the job is the one you want to have.
5. What is the most significant factor in evaluating a job?
a. location
b. salary
c. value to your career
d. how much you like it.
e. prestige
6. Which is not mentioned as a sacrifice for valuable job?
a. moving to other region
b. no benefits
c. bad working hours
d. moving to other country
e. low salary
7. What is wrong with taking a job outside youe career path?
a. you will earn less
b. You won’t perform well
c. People will give you advice
d. You will be part of a team
e. People will complain to you.
8. What is the writer’s best advice?
a. Take the first job offered.
b. Consider changing career
c. Don’t work with other people.
d. Think before accepting a job.
e. Find a job with the highest salary.
Text 3
When a person old enough to be responsible for a crime? This question needs to be investigated because the current law is not good enough
The law at present protects children aged between ten years and four years from being punished for committing crimes. It is believed that children under fourteen years are too young to realize the seriousness of their crimes. Mr. Stephen Scarlett, head of the NSW Children’s Court, describes how clever young offenders use this defense, saying that they are too young to understand that they have broken the law. Mr. Scarlett, an expert on this subject, states that the age should be dropped from fourteen to twelve years. I agree with this.
Teenagers these days are far more sophisticated than those in the past. The law should recognize this. In a recent survey some people suggested that the age for being responsible for a crime should be dropped to eight years old. This, I feel, is too young. Fourteen, however, is too old. Is there anyone who believes that a fourteen-year-old does not know that it is against the law to steal or vandalize property? By the age of twelve, children are aware of what is legal and what is not.
Public pressure creates change. It is now up to the public to put pressure on the government to change the age at which a person may be held responsible for a crime from fourteen years to twelve years. Out of date laws have no place in a modern society, especially one that needs people to be responsible for their actions.
9. What does the text above talk about?
A.When a person is old enough to be responsible for a crime
B.When a person is being punished for committing crimes
C.When children are too young to be responsible for a crime
D.When a person is too old to be responsible for a crime
E.When do teenagers realize the seriousness of their crimes
10.In what age are the children protected by the present law from being punished for committing crimes?
A.Ten years old
B.Fourteen years old
C.Ten to fourteen years old
D.Eight years old
E.Twelve years old
11. In what paragraph do we find the recommendation of the text above…..
A.In the first paragraph
B.In the second paragraph
C.In the third paragraph
D.In the fourth paragraph
E.In the fifth paragraph
12.The part of the text which states what ought or ought not to happen is called…..
A.Thesis
B.Argument
C.Elaboration
D.Reiteration
E.Recommendation
13.“Teenagers these days are far more sophisticated than those in the past.
The word “those” refer to…..
A.Days
B.Teenagers
C.Laws
D.Children
E.Crimes
14. What type of genre does the text belong to?
A.Analytical exposition
B.Hortatory exposition
C.Report
D.Description
E.Narrative
15. “Mr. Scarlett, an expert on this subject, states that the age should be dropped from fourteen to twelve years. I agree with this.”
The underlined sentence expresses…..
A.Argument
B.Opinion
C.Certainty
D.Debate
E.Agreement
Text 4
Space travel should be stopped for many reasons. Firstly, it is totally unsafe as proven by the Colombia Space Shuttle disaster. Thousand people have been killed in accidents. Secondly, it costs billions and billions dollars everyday just to put fuel into rockets.
Professor Smith from the Spend Money on People Space Association agrees that space travel is a waste of time and money. Further, space travel is altering the world’s weather pattern as evidenced by the record of high temperatures this summer in Cobar. Everyone knows that if God wanted us to fly in space we should have been born with space suits. Stop space before it destroys the earth.
Professor Smith from the Spend Money on People Space Association agrees that space travel is a waste of time and money. Further, space travel is altering the world’s weather pattern as evidenced by the record of high temperatures this summer in Cobar. Everyone knows that if God wanted us to fly in space we should have been born with space suits. Stop space before it destroys the earth.
16. How many reasons are stated in the text dealing with the point that Space travel should be stopped?
A.One
B.Two
C.Three
D.Four
E.Five
`17. “Professor Smith from the Spend Money on People not Space Association agree that space travel is a waste of time and money.”
The sentence contains a word expresses…..
A.Agreement
B.Disagreement
C.Contrast
D.Certainty
E.Desire
18. Which is not true based on the text above…..
A.Space travel should be stopped
B.Space travel destroys the earth
C.Space travel costs billions and billions of dollars everyday
D.Space travel offer benefits to the earth
E.Space travel is unsafe
19.What does the text above mainly talk about?
A.Air travel
B.Road travel
C.Water travel
D.Space travel
E.Rocket travel
20. Stop space before it destroys the earth.
This part of paragraph indicates the…..
A.Reiteration
B.Reinforcement
C.Argument
D.Thesis
E.Elaboration
Stop space before it destroys the earth.
21. What does the word it refer to…..
A.Space
B.Travel
C.Space travel
D.The earth
E.Space suit
22. “Further, space travel is altering the world’s weather pattern as evidenced by the record of high temperatures this summer in Cobar.”
The underlined word is a transitional word showing…..
A.Time
B.Addition
C.Logical relationship
D.Conclusion
E.Example
Text 5
Students’ cheating is one of the biggest problems faced by teachers nowadays.
Despite the fact that teachers advise their students not to do dishonest acts during tests, some students still do cheating. There are many kinds of cheating that students do during the test or examination, such as looking other students’ work, put some notes under their clothes, write notes or formulas on their desks make hand signals or go to rest rooms to get the answers from their friends.
In my view, students who do cheating are committing a crime. It is a sort of taking something illegally. This crime causes negative results to the students. Students who always cheat deteriorate their mental capacity. Cheating acts also create dependence. They weaken their self confidence. Instead of preparing for the coming test, they are busy to organize notes on a piece of paper. If this awful habit continues, the students will lose their opportunity to develop their intellectual and mind.
Therefore, school should consider cheating as a very serious problem. School board and administration should go hand to overcome this matter. Honesty must be put in school’s vision. Harsh punishment must be applied to students who commit this crime.
23. What is mainly discussed in the text?
a.School policy
b.Harsh punishment
c.Cheating as a crime
d.Mental deterioration
e.Different ways of cheating
24. What will the school do to eliminate students who commit cheating?
a.Create a good vision
b.Select honest students
c.Make harsh punishment
d.Make students confident
e.Administer the school affair
25. “Students who always cheat deteriorate their mental capacity.” (Paragraph 3)
The underlined word means…
a.support
b.worsen
c.cause
d.create
e.find
26. “They weaken their self confidence.” (Paragraph 3)
What does the underlined word refer to?
a.tests
b.papers
c.results
d.students
e.cheatings
Text 6
Nearly all Indonesian students of Senior high School have on uniforms when they go to schools. I personally think that uniforms are very necessary for senior High school students. Why do I say that?
Firstly, school uniforms don't make a gap between the poor and the wealth. They erase the social jealously among the students. By wearing uniforms, students will feel equal one another and they respect one another.
Secondly, uniforms make students look neat and polite. Let's me imagine, if the students did not wear uniform, they would likely tend to wear any clothes they want to. Some would probably wear mini and sexy skirts showing off their things, others would be wearing transparent blouses showing off their lingerie. Boys would be wearing sandals and jeans in rags or T-shirts without sleeves. It's not really good to see such a condition, isn't it?
Thirdly, uniforms don't cost too much money because we can wear it with in 3 years' time. I mean until students graduate from Senior high Schools. It's so different when they don't wear uniforms. They have to spend much money for up-to-date fashions and I believe they will be expensive. Wearing uniforms will lessen their parents' financial burden.
From the reasons listed above, I conclude that uniforms are still important to Senior high School students.
27.
Nearly all Indonesian students of Senior high School have on uniforms when they
go to schools.
The underlined word has the same meaning with…
A. Purchase
B. Reject
C. Putt of
D. Wear
E. Wash
28.
Firstly, school uniforms don't make a gap between the poor and the wealth.
The underlined word has the same meaning with…
A. The pepople
B. The village
C. The rich
D. The staff
E. The official
29.
Let's me imagine, if the students did not wear uniform, they would likely tend to wear any clothes they want to.
The underlined word has the same meaning with…
A. Generally
B. Almost
C. Sometimes
D. Rarely
E. Possibly
30.
I mean until students graduate from Senior high Schools.
The underlined word has the same meaning with…
A. Finish
B. Pass
C. Fail
D. Enroll
E. Study
31.
Wearing uniforms will lessen their parents' financial burden.
The underlined word has the same meaning with ...
A. Raise
B. Cause
C. Force
D. Decrase
E. Increase
The following text is for questions 23 to 27.
Anybody who is over the age of six knows that there is nowhere safe for skateboarders to skate. This prevents young people from enjoying an active, energetic and adventurous pastime.
Just watch a local street for a short while and note the steady stream of skaters speeding up and down the footpaths. Toddlers can be trampled on and old ladies can be knocked down as they struggle home carrying their cat food from supermarkets.
Skateboarding is a serious sport that improves young people’s health. It increases fitness, improves balance and strengthens the joints in knees and ankles. Although it appears to be a solo sport, when groups practice together and compete to perform stunts or runs they form firm friendships.
Young people should be prevented from becoming overweight couch potatoes. If they are actively involved in skating, they do not smoke, take drugs or break laws for fun.
Kids will always seek thrills and excitement. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s free from restrictions. We must build skate parks in the suburbs so that streets are safe for small children and senior citizens and skaters have spaces where they can race, chase, speed, and soar towards the sun.
23. Where do the kids usually ride their skateboard?
A. In the main roads and foot paths.
B. In front of the supermarket.
C. In front of their home.
D. In the suburbs.
E. In the park.
24. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. There is no safe place for skateboarders.
B. Kids seek an excitement in skate.
C. The goodness of skateboarding.
D. The skateboarding is a serious sport.
E. How to prevent overweight by skateboarding.
25. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is ….
A. to invite the local teenagers to skate in a park built specifically for skaters.
B. to convince the readers that they need a safe place for skaters to skate.
C. to provoke youngsters into the local government policy.
D. to promote the writer’s business of skateboarding class.
E. to inform parents about the goodness of skateboarding.
26. What must we do to let the skaters play?
A. Join with them anywhere.
B. Give them space in the park.
C. Let them play in the main roads.
D. Let them play in the local street.
E. Build a skate park in the suburbs.
27. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s free from restrictions. (Paragraph 5)
The synonym of the underlined word is ….
A. Approval
B. Allowance
C. Improvement
D. Prevention
E. Limitation
There are many reasons for keeping dogs as pets in the city area, but many people feel that keeping pet dogs should not be allowed in the city. Dogs are often not taken care properly. They are kept in small backyards and rarely taken for walks. They are left in the yard all day by themselves while the family is at work. Very little attention is given to the dog and it is not a very good life for it. It is no wonder why these dogs bark and disturb the neighbours and become a nuisance to the community.
On the other hand, not all people treat their dogs this way and why should the people receive a lot of pleasure and enjoyment from dog's suffer? Dogs can make a lonely person's life happy or make wonderful playmate. It can also teach a child responsibility as they not only get to lay with the dog, but also need to exercise, feed, and care for the dog.
I feel that we should be allowed to keep dogs in the city, because if it is taken care of properly, dogs can be a great source of pleasure. As a child I used to enjoy playing and taking care of my pet. There is not greater loyalty a person can get than from a well-cared dog.
1. Some people do not like the presence of pet dogs in their surroundings because ....
A. the dogs are left in the yards
B. the dogs are often neglected
C. the dogs often bark and disturb the neighbours
D. the dogs play with the owner's child
E. the dogs guard the security of the environment
2. The main idea of the last paragraph is ....
A. pet dogs are loyal animals
B. pet dogs are more loyal than humans
C. dogs can be a great source of pleasure
D. the writer has no objection to keeping dogs in the city
E. the writer used to play and took care of his pet when he was a child
3. We can infer from the text that keeping pet dogs in the city will not cause any problem as long as ....
A. the dogs are amusing
B. the neighbours like having pet dogs
C. the dogs do not bark at the neighbours
D. the writer has succeeded in persuading the neighbours
E. its presence does not disturb the neighbourhood
References:
https://nurinuryani.wordpress.com
http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us
http://potongankeju.blogspot.co.id
http://desti-rachmawati.blogspot.co.id
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