The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. The gerund always has the same function as a noun (although it looks like a verb). Some uses of the gerund are covered on this page. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the gerund.
THE GERUND AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE
EXAMPLES
Eating people is wrong.
Hunting tigers is dangerous.
Flying makes me nervous.
Brushing your teeth is important.
Smoking causes lung cancer.
THE GERUND AS THE COMPLEMENT OF THE VERB 'TO BE'
EXAMPLES
One of his duties is attending meetings.
The hardest thing about learning English is understanding the gerund.
One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed.
THE GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS
The gerund must be used when a verb comes after a preposition. This is also true of certain expressions ending in a preposition, for example the expressions in spite of & there's no point in.
EXAMPLES
Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
She is good at painting.
She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
My father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary.
There's no point in waiting.
In spite of missing the train, we arrived on time.
THE GERUND AFTER PHRASAL VERBS
Phrasal verbs are composed of a verb + preposition or adverb.
EXAMPLES
When will you give up smoking?
She always puts off going to the dentist.
He kept on asking for money.
Jim ended up buying a new TV after his old one broke.
There are some phrasal verbs that include the word "to" as a preposition for example to look forward to, to take to, to be accustomed to, to get around to, & to be used to. It is important to recognise that the word "to" is a preposition in these cases because it must be followed by a gerund. It is not part of the infinitive form of the verb. You can check whether "to" is a preposition or part of the infinitive. If you can put the pronoun "it" after the word "to" and form a meaningful sentence, then the word "to" is a preposition and must be followed by a gerund.
EXAMPLES
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
I look forward to it.
I am used to waiting for buses.
I am used to it.
She didn't really take to studying English.
She didn't really take to it.
When will you get around to mowing the grass?
When will you get around to it?
THE GERUND IN COMPOUND NOUNS
In compound nouns using the gerund, it is clear that the meaning is that of a noun, not of a continuous verb. For example, with the word "swimming pool" it is a pool for swimming in, it is not a pool that is swimming.
EXAMPLES
I am giving Sally a driving lesson.
They have a swimming pool in their back yard.
I bought some new running shoes.
THE GERUND AFTER SOME EXPRESSIONS
The gerund is necessary after the expressions can't help, can't stand, to be worth, & it's no use.
EXAMPLES
She couldn't help falling in love with him.
I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams.
It's no use trying to escape.
It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train.
Versi Indonesia
A. Defenisi Gerund
Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek dan pelengkap (complement) dalam kalimat, juga di belakang sebuah preposisi. Bentuk gerund biasanya disebut verb+ing. Mungkin istilah itulah yang biasa kita kenal selama ini mengenai gerund. Singkatnya, Gerund adalah kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja (verb) + ing.
B. Fungsi Gerund.
Sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas, bahwa Gerund dapat berfungsi subjek, objek maupun pelengkap.
Sebagai Subjek.pengertian dan beberapa contoh kalimat gerund
Contoh:
– Swimming is a good sport.
– Working a whole day makes me tired.
Sebagai Objek Kalimat.
Contoh:
– I dislike Cheating.
– I like Reading
Sebagai Pelengkap (Complement).
Contoh:
– The most activity I hate is sleeping.
– My hobby is fishing.
C. Penggunaan Gerund.
Beberapa kata, seperti adjectives (kata sifat), preposition (kata depan) dan verbs (kata kerja) harus diikuti oleh bentuk Verb-ing (gerund).
Penggunaan Gerund setelah adjectives (dengan preposition)
Adjectives + preposition berikut harus diikuti dengan bentuk -ING:
Afraid of, angry about/at, clever at, interested in, proud of, crazy about, disappointed about, excited about, famous for, fond of, sorry about, worried about.
Contoh:
– He’s afraid of going by plane.
– I am interested in visiting the museum.
– The girl is crazy about playing tennis.
– I’m worried about making mistakes.
Penggunaan Gerund setelah Preposisi.
Preposisi-preposisi berikut ini harus diikuti oleh gerund :
About, of, from, about, after, apart from, before, by, in, instead of, on, without.
Contoh:
– Before going to bed he turned off the lights.
– She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
– We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
– He told the joke without laughing.
Penggunaan Gerund setelah Verbs (kata kerja).
Kata kerja berikut ini harus diikuti oleh gerund:
Admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, suggest, understand, miss, reject, consider, prefer, delay, deny, dislike/like, enjoy, fond, resist, continue, imagine, permit, practice.
Contoh:
– He admitted having driven too fast.
– Ralph is considering buying a new house.
– I delayed telling Max the news.
– They miss playing with their friends.
EXERCISES
1. I enjoy____________(study) with Mr. Smith.
(a) I enjoy to studying with Mr. Smith.
(b) I enjoy studying with Mr. Smith.
(c) Don’t Know
2. Mr. Stevens stopped _____________(go) to his English class.
(a) Mr. Stevens stopped going to his English class.
(b) Mr. Stevens stopped to going to his English class.
(c) Don’t Know
3. Do you mind____________________(wait) a few minutes in the hall?
(a) Do you mind waiting a few minutes in the hall?
(b) Do you mind wait a few minutes in the hall?
(c) Don’t Know
4. We are considering_____________________(buy) a cassette recorder.
(a) We are considering buying a cassette recorder.
(b) We are considering to buy a cassette recorder.
(c) Don’t Know
5. Did you enjoy________________(travel) through Florida last summer?
(a) Did you enjoy traveling through Florida last summer?
(b) Did you enjoy traveled through Florida last summer?
(c) Don’t Know
6. Ask that salesman whether he minds ______________(come) back this afternoon.
(a) Ask that salesman whether he minds coming back this afternoon.
(b) Ask that salesman whether he minds to coming back this afternoon.
(c) Don’t Know
7. Mr. Gomez enjoys _________________(listen) to the radio.
(a) Mr. Gomez enjoys listening to the radio.
(b) Mr. Gomez enjoys to listening to the radio.
(c) Don’t Know
8. Mr. and Mrs. Hernandez have stopped ___________(talk) to each other.
(a) Mr. and Mrs. Hernandez have stopped to talking to each other.
(b) Mr. and Mrs. Hernandez have stopped talking to each other.
(c) Don’t Know
9. They resent_____________(hold) the classes in the evening instead of the morning.
(a) They resent to hold the classes in the evening instead of the morning.
(b) They resent holding the classes in the evening instead of the morning.
(c) Don’t Know
10. We will avoid ________________(receive) visitors after noon.
(a) We will avoid receiving visitors after noon.
(b) We will avoid to receive visitors after noon.
(c) Don’t Know
11. They have finished ________________(paint) our apartment at last.
(a) They have finished to paint our apartment at last.
(b) They have finished painting our apartment at last.
(c) Don’t Know
12. Pablo was driving fast and couldn’t avoid____________(hit) the other car.
(a) Pablo was driving fast and couldn’t avoid hitting the other car.
(b) Pablo was driving fast and couldn’t avoid to hit the other car.
(c) Don’t Know
13. Jose denied ______________________(take) the book.
(a) Jose denied to take the book.
(b) Jose denied taking the book.
(c) Don’t Know
14. You shouldn’t risk ______________________(go) out if you have a cold.
(a) You shouldn’t risk going out if you have a cold.
(b) You shouldn’t risk to going out if you have a cold.
(c) Don’t Know
15. He admitted___________(make) the mistake after we questioned him for a long time.
(a) He admitted to make the mistake after we questioned him for a long time.
(b) He admitted making the mistake after we questioned him for a long time.
(c) Don’t Know
________________________________________________
JAWABAN SOAL BAHASA INGGRIS
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. a
5. a
6. a
7. a
8. b
9. b
10. a
11. b
12. a
13. b
14. a
15. b
| 1. ____ all the way home made us tired. A. Walk B. Walking C. We have walked D. We walk E. We are walking 2. It is difficult to get used ____ with chopstick. A. eat B. eating C. not eating D. to eat E. to eating 3. I was interested in ____ more about history. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learnt E. to learning 4. She is used to Harry's ____ about the food. A. to complain B. complaining C. complains D. to complaining E. complained 5. "You ought to give up smoking", means ____ A. You shouldn't stop to smoke B. You shouldn't begin to smoke C. You should stop to smoke D. You should continue smoking E. You should stop smoking 6. Nina told me story but now she forgets that she did it. Nina forgets ____ me a story. A. to tell B. tells C. tell D. told E. telling 7. This knife needs _____. it is dull. A. to be sharpening B. to sharpen C. sharpens D. sharpen E. sharpened 8. Lina is working hard for her examination. He avoids ____ too much. A. to be going out B. to go out C. go out D. goes out E. going out 9. "What did he deny?" " _____" A. Stealing the wallet B. When he stole the wallet C. Stolen the wallet D. He had stolen the wallet E. To steal the wallet 10. Would you mind ____ your pet snake somewhere else? A. to put B. to putting C. putting D. put E. puts |
Change the verb into Gerund or infinitive
1) We decided (buy) a new car
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2) They've got some work (do).
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3) Peter gave up (smoke) .
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4) He'd like (fly) an aeroplane.
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5) I enjoy (write) picture postcards.
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6) Do you know what (do) if there's a fire in the shop?
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7) Avoid (make) silly mistakes.
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8) My parents wanted me (be) home at 11 o'clock.
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9) I dream about (build) a big house.
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10) I'm hoping (see) Lisa
2. Don't start (try) (learn) algebra before you have finished (learn) (do) simple things in arithmetic. 3. We can't think of (buy) a new house before (sell) the old one. 4. I'd love (have) the opportunity of (meet) you again. 5. Our teacher has promised (help) us (prepare) for next week's test. 6. I hate (get up) early in winter and (get ready) in the dark. 7. If you can't fix that old thing, try (hit) it with a hammer! 8. I saw her (sit) at the bus stop, and I heard her (tell) her friend not to wait for her. 9. Poor Charles! The police suspected him of (try) (sell)stolen bicycles. 10.Can you manage (finish) (pack) these parcels alone? |
References
http://www.edufind.com/
http://apasiihbahasainggris.blogspot.co.id/
http://inggrisonline.com/
http://www.ahzaa.net/
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